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City Cycling (Urban and Industrial Environments)From The MIT Press
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Bicycling in cities is booming, for many reasons: health and environmental benefits, time and cost savings, more and better bike lanes and paths, innovative bike sharing programs, and the sheer fun of riding. City Cycling offers a guide to this urban cycling renaissance, with the goal of promoting cycling as sustainable urban transportation available to everyone. It reports on cycling trends and policies in cities in North America, Europe, and Australia, and offers information on such topics as cycling safety, cycling infrastructure provisions including bikeways and bike parking, the wide range of bike designs and bike equipment, integration of cycling with public transportation, and promoting cycling for women and children. City Cycling emphasizes that bicycling should not be limited to those who are highly trained, extremely fit, and daring enough to battle traffic on busy roads. The chapters describe ways to make city cycling feasible, convenient, and safe for commutes to work and school, shopping trips, visits, and other daily transportation needs. The book also offers detailed examinations and illustrations of cycling conditions in different urban environments: small cities (including Davis, California, and Delft, the Netherlands), large cities (including Sydney, Chicago, Toronto and Berlin), and "megacities" (London, New York, Paris, and Tokyo). These chapters offer a closer look at how cities both with and without historical cycling cultures have developed cycling programs over time. The book makes clear that successful promotion of city cycling depends on coordinating infrastructure, programs, and government policies.
- Sales Rank: #438429 in Books
- Published on: 2012-10-12
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x .75" w x 6.00" l, 1.22 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 416 pages
Review
This is a must-read book for all those interested in transport and concerned about the environment, their own health, the quality of life, and the future of mobility. It provides an authoritative statement of the renaissance of cycling in all its facets, and each chapter is presented in a systematic, well-structured, accessible, and comprehensive manner through a galaxy of international authors. It is a benchmark book that will stand the test of time.
(David Banister, Professor of Transport Studies, University of Oxford, UK)City Cycling is sure to become the key reference work for academics, advocates, technicians, and politicians seeking to increase cycling in the United States. This impressive book thoroughly documents the individual, community, and national benefits of getting more people on bikes and proposes specific measures for making cycling safe and feasible for everyone. John Pucher and Ralph Buehler leave the reader no choice but to act.
(Andy Clarke, President, League of American Bicyclists)With an overwhelming global demand for cycling solutions, City Cycling is being published at exactly the right time. It makes a clear case that cycling is the answer to big global problems. Readers are treated to unparalleled cycling expertise with extensive content from international contributors and a great collection of case studies. City Cycling will be a reference point in interdisciplinary research about cycling.
(Manfred Neun, President, European Cyclists' Federation)The best single source to date of data on cycling trends and successful strategies to expand and maintain high levels of cycling. Chapters focusing on women cyclists, children and cycling, and small, large, and megacities add to the usefulness.
(Mark Vallianatos, Policy Director, Urban & Environmental Policy Institute, Occidental College)This book could be a change agent for bicycling and the infrastructure. It can be hoped that nationally elected officials will read it and pass legislation favorable to bicycling.
(Anne Lusk, Research Scientist, Harvard School of Public Health)While City Cycling probably won't convince the most hard-core bike haters, it has the potential to help change the debate about how biking fits into the transportation system in countries such as the U.S., where it has traditionally been perceived as marginal. This thoroughly academic approach could be just what we need to move the conversation forward.
(Sarah Goodyear The Atlantic Cities) About the Author
John Pucher is Professor in the Department of Urban Planning at the Bloustein School of Planning and Policy at Rutgers University. He is the coauthor of The Urban Transport Crisis in Europe and North America and The Urban Transportation System: Politics and Policy Innovation (MIT Press).
Ralph Buehler is Assistant Professor in the Department of Urban Affairs and Planning in the School of Public and International Affairs at Virginia Tech.
Most helpful customer reviews
10 of 13 people found the following review helpful.
Informative, but biased
By Sam
Pucher, Buehler and their team of authors have gathered reams of data and cited hundreds of research works on the many benefits of bicycling, the safety of cycling (yes, it's a safe activity), cycling promotion around the globe, bike sharing, and more. This book should be useful for those wishing to find and read scholarly papers related to cycling; and some of its arguments may prove useful in promotion or defense of cycling.
But a major flaw is an overwhelming bias in favor of promoting segregated facilities. The authors repeatedly point to certain northern European cities, most often, Amsterdam and Copenhagen. They argue that those cities are dominated by bike paths, tracks and lanes, and have tremendous cycling mode shares (up to 40% of trips). The authors frequently claim or imply is that if American cities install similar special facilities, American cities will have similar
cycling mode share.
One has to dig very deeply to find evidence in this book of the countless other factors that have produced Northern Europe's bicycle culture. Cycling cities tend to be very compact, with very short trip distances (perhaps 5 km on average), dense networks of streets allowing many quiet route choices, flat terrain, excellent public transportation, much city-centered housing, large student populations, and many, many policies that dissuade use of the automobile. Some of those policies are extreme taxes on car purchases, extreme fuel taxes, great difficulty and expense in earning driver's licenses, strict liability laws, low speed limits, large car-free zones, and rare and expensive parking. Indeed, restricting motoring is probably the most effective method of promoting cycling.
The authors also de-emphasize the long history of transportational cycling in these cities. There are films showing bicycling as the main mode of Copenhagen transportation in the 1930s, long before the special cycling facilities. In fact, the facilities were installed because of the existing culture of cycling, although the authors continually imply the opposite.
The authors also choose to ignore, or to greatly de-emphasize, some obvious counterexamples. They only briefly mention that Tokyo has one of the world's highest cycling mode shares, but almost no special bike facilities. They do not mention that the towns of Stevenage and Milton Keynes in Britain were built from scratch with excellent, totally separate bike paths giving access everywhere, yet have almost no utility cycling.
The most unpleasant chapter is one by Peter Furth, in which he attacks John Forester for triggering skepticism toward sidepaths. Forester did argue before traffic engineers that sidepaths would prevent only an extremely rare crash mode (hits from behind) while increasing much more important crash modes (intersection & driveway conflicts). These ideas did become part of the AASHTO guide for bike facilities; but Furth ignores that Forester's ideas were accepted
because engineers judged them to be correct. Furth's rebuttals consist primarily of popularity and political arguments, such as "ratings" by the pro-sidepath Bicycling magazine and League of American Bicyclists. There's certainly no mention of the Copenhagen study that confirmed Forester's claims, by measuring greatly increased crash rates after installation of cycletracks.
If the propaganda about segregated bike facilities were removed, this book would still be useful as a source of data and references regarding cycling and its benefits. Unfortunately, the book would also be much thinner.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Citation heaven
By Kratzy1730
I wrote this lengthy review for a class assignment, with Amazon in mind:
John Pucher and Ralph Buehler, the principle authors of City Cycling, aim to portray recent trends in cycling, identify the most effective measures for increasing cycling levels, improve safety, and make cycling possible for all segments of society (for those who are able). 16 of the 21 contributors have their doctorates; City Cycling is a wonky book, and does not pretend to be anything different. Nevertheless, the book is quite readable. It would easily hold the interest of any related academic, professional, student, or bicycle enthusiast.
The book is very comprehensive and full of detailed explanations, at 393 pages, including references. Here is a listing of the chapters, for those whose interests may be rather specific:
1. Introduction
2. International overview: cycling trends in North America, Western Europe and Australia
3. Health Benefits of Cycling
4. Effective Speed: Cycling Because It's "Faster"
5. Developments in Bicycle Equipment and Its Role in Promoting Cycling as a Travel Mode
6. Bicycling Infrastructure for Mass Cycling: A Transatlantic Comparison
7. Cycling Safety
8. Integration of Cycling with Public Transportation
9. Bikesharing across the Globe
10. Women and Cycling
11. Children and Cycling
12. Cycling and Small Cities
13. Big City Cycling in Europe, North America and Australia
14. Cycling in Megacities: London, Paris, New York, and Tokyo
15. Promoting Cycling for Daily Travel: Conclusions and Lessons from across the Globe
As the chapters hint, much of the book compares the current state of cycling to Western Europe and Australia. As the authors state, "the most detailed analysis is for the Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States, the countries for which the available statistics are most comparable." Select European cities, principally Copenhagen and Amsterdam, are rightly held up as models for North American and Australian cities to aspire to.
In its initial international comparisons, the book describes the current, relatively advanced state of cycling in Western Europe and later goes on to describe when and why Europe's pro-automobile policies were dramatically reversed towards cycling. The impacts of this reversal are then generally described.
The health benefits of cycling are addressed next, which is the subject I am most familiar with in this book. I was disappointed that the authors did not explicitly state that the health benefits are the largest single economic benefit gained from cycling. The chapter goes on to discuss social, mental, emotional and psychosocial benefits, all of which are more subjective by nature, and thus lack hard data. The high cost-benefit ratios (CBR) of health benefits (citing a literature review study that found an average ratio of 5:1) and their context are addressed, but I find the impact of the CBR findings to be understated.
The one other qualm I have, again comes from my own knowledge. Chapter 7, Cycling Safety, naturally follows the bicycle infrastructure chapter to discuss the safety impact of infrastructure designs. Best practices and their related statistics are described, which is consistent throughout the book, but some statistics are also left out, like the fact that cyclist injury rates are somewhat higher than motorist rates. I consider myself relatively well-informed with the specific facet of health and cycling, which gives me the ability to use outside knowledge for evaluation. These two inconsistencies do make me alert to any other omissions, but I do not doubt the authors' accuracy.
There is more than statistics and current practices; the book also includes historical information, which includes cycling's relationship to women, and the history of bikesharing. Women cyclers are very underrepresented in North America, and the authors state that improving safety (both perceived and actual) should be the primary concern of cities pursuing cycling. Safety is even more important for children, as is education on urban cycling. Minorities in biking are divided more by gender and age, not race. Thus, the most common association with minority, race, is not specifically addressed, though it is acknowledged that more bicycle infrastructure will lessen racial disparities.
The policies and successes of Davis, CA and Boulder, CO are detailed. The even greater success of small European cities is then fully explained, as they have unique natural advantages when it comes to utilitarian cycling. The following chapters on large cities and megacities follow a similar format to the small cities chapter. Each chapter compares the cities and examines the unique problems that different sized cities face, and their strategies to overcome those obstacles.
If you are still not convinced that you should pick up this book, that is because this is a review, and therefore short on mind-blowing specifics. Here are a couple Easter eggs I found:
`Effective speed' concludes that average cycling rates in most countries are actually faster than automobiles, once all the costs of vehicle ownership are accounted for. A second find was the reasonably-backed statement that helmet laws can actually have the perverse effect of increasing deaths.
City Cycling is a great resource for academics, professionals, students, and bicycle enthusiasts. The number of citations and their wide variety provide an excellent source of current and popular studies (which are separated by chapters, and thus subject) from two well-respected academics, as well as their notable collaborators. Civil engineers, transportation planners and similar professionals would likely benefit more; the best practices included are many and straightforward, and are presented in short table form, followed by detailed descriptions. Students like me would have a great comprehensive starting manual of studies from nearly every subject related to urban cycling. Average citizens interested in urban cycling would find this book a great resource as well. Should any citizen be compelled to push for a more bicycle-friendly community, this book is the only resource they would need; it is an arsenal of peer-reviewed persuasion.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Fantastic reference for urban cycling promotion
By Richard Bean
This book examines cycling in urban environments worldwide, with chapters from many academics and researchers on various subjects, such as utility cycling and the bicycles most suited to it, the concept of "effective speed" in cycling, bike sharing systems, women in cycling, children in cycling, health benefits of cycling, and cycling in cities of various size (up to Paris, London, New York and Tokyo). The final chapter talks about lessons for promoting cycling in everyday life.
Every chapter has excellent references - this is one of the very few English books that references CROW, the Dutch design manual. There are many figures and tables throughout. Some of the more interesting are Figure 5.4 about "Rider's posture while sitting and stopping on different types of bicycles" contrasting the Dutch-style transport bike, Hybrid or mountain bike, and the Road/racing bike; Figures 10.1 to 10.3 comparing bicycle mode share of trips to percentage of bicyclists who are female for countries, cities and suburbs; and Figure 2.4 contrasting five countries with trip bike share by age.
In response to the odd review below, this book is very much about lessons learnt from cities worldwide and there is not that much about vehicular cycling. In fact, the chapter which mentions it is entitled "Bicycle Infrastructure for _Mass_ Cycling". VC is not about mass cycling and the chapter promotes the infrastructure that has worked so well in Europe. The theme of the book is promoting cycling as a normal activity which should be accessible to everyone and the kind of changes that would make that possible in cities. The citations are of course European as very few cities elsewhere have achieved much in the way of modal share. If cycling is to be for everyone, others should learn from the Netherlands and Denmark.
The only real criticism I had was that the bike sharing scheme chapter was considerably out of date as soon as they wrote it; it's really hard to produce a "comprehensive" survey on them as it involves studying materials in many different languages and data is not easily available. The text about how "commentators speculate that these mandatory helmet laws have hindered the success of Mebourne's program" could be strengthened somewhat and extended to Brisbane (and Vancouver next year) given more recent research.
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